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Auflistung nach Schlagwort "Latency"

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  • Zeitschriftenartikel
    Approximating stochastic numbers to reduce latency
    (it - Information Technology: Vol. 64, No. 3, 2022) Kawaminami, Syoki; Watanabe, Yukino; Yamashita, Shigeru
    Approximate Computing (AC) and Stochastic Computing (SC) have been studied as new computing paradigms to achieve energy-efficient designs for error-tolerant applications. The hardware cost of SC generally can be small compared to that of AC, but SC has not been applied to a wide range of applications as AC because SC needs very long cycles to use long random bit strings called Stochastic Numbers (SNs) when we need to maintain the desired precision. To mitigate this disadvantage of SC, we propose a new idea to approximate numbers represented by SNs; our idea is to use multiple SNs to represent one number. Indeed our method can shorten the length of SNs drastically while keeping the precision level compared to conventional SNs. We study two specific cases where we use two and three shorter bit-strings to represent a single conventional SN, which we call a dual-rail and a triple-rail SNs, respectively. We also discuss a general case when we use many SNs corresponding to a single conventional SNs. We also compare triple-rail, dual-rail and conventional SNs in terms of hardware overhead and calculation errors in this paper. From the comparison, we can conclude that our idea can be used to shorten the necessary cycles for SC.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    The Effects of Auditory Latency on Experienced First-Person Shooter Players
    (Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Halbhuber, David; Köhler, Annika; Schmidbauer, Markus; Wiese, Jannik; Henze, Niels
    Latency is inherently part of every interactive system and is particularly critical in video games. Previous work shows that visual latency above 25 ms reduces game experience and player performance. However, latency does not only affect visual perception but also may influence auditory elements of video games. It is unclear if auditory latency impairs the gaming experience and player performance with the same magnitude as visual latency. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with 24 participants playing a first-person shooter game. Participants played with four levels (0 ms, 40 ms, 270 ms, and 500 ms) of controlled auditory latency to reveal effects on game experience and player performance. Our analysis shows that auditory latency in video games increases the perceived tension, decreases positive feelings towards the game, and on its highest tested level (500 ms), even causes significantly stronger associations with negative feelings towards the game. Furthermore, we found that the negative effects of auditory latency are particularly pronounced for high-skilled players. We conclude that auditory latency negatively affects video games and their players. Therefore, researchers should investigate it with the same rigor as visual latency
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Enactment of Adaptation in Data Stream Processing with Latency Implications
    (Software Engineering 2020, 2020) Qin, Cui; Eichelberger, Holger; Schmid, Klaus
    This summary refers to the paper Enactment of adaptation in data stream processing with latency implications – A systematic literature review. This paper is a journal paper published in Information and Software Technology (IST) in July 2019. Runtime adaptation in stream processing plays a significant role in supporting the optimization of data processing tasks. In recent years, runtime adaptation, particularly its enactment, has received significant interest in scientific literature. However, so far no categorization of the enactment approaches for runtime adaptation in stream processing has been established. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR), where we identify and characterize different approaches towards the enactment of runtime adaptation in stream processing with a main focus on latency as quality dimension. We discovered 75 relevant papers out of 244 papers from the search. We identified 17 different enactment categories and developed a taxonomy to characterize all possible enactment approaches. We extracted the realization techniques of each identified enactment approach and classified them into categories. Furthermore, we identified 9 categories of processing problems, 6 adaptation goals, 9 evaluation metrics and 12 evaluation parameters from the identified enactment approaches. The research interest on enactment approaches has significantly increased in recent years. The most commonly applied enactment approaches are parameter adaptation to tune parameters or settings of the processing, load balancing used to re-distribute workloads, and processing scaling to dynamically scale up and down the processing.
  • Konferenzbeitrag
    Using Artificial Neural Networks to Compensate Negative Effects of Latency in Commercial Real-Time Strategy Games
    (Mensch und Computer 2022 - Tagungsband, 2022) Halbhuber, David; Seewald, Maximilian; Schiller, Fabian; Götz, Mathias; Fehle, Jakob; Henze, Niels
    Cloud-based game streaming allows gamers to play Triple-A games on any device, anywhere, almost instantly. However, they entail one major disadvantage - latency. Latency, the time between input and output, worsens the players’ experience and performances. Reduc same game experience as in local gaming. Previous work demonstrates that deep learning-based techniques can compensate for a game’s latency if the artificial neural network has access to the game’s internal state during inference. However, it is unclear if deep learning can be used to compensate for the latency of unmodified commercial video games. Hence, this work investigates the use of deep learning-based latency compensation in commercial video games. In a first study, we collected data from 21 participants playing real-time strategy games. We used the data to train two artificial neural networks. In a second study with 12 participants, we compared three different scenarios: (1) playing without latency, (2) playing with 50 ms of controlled latency, and (3) playing with 50 ms latency fully compensated by our system. Our results show that players associated the gaming session with less negative feelings and were less tired when supported by our system. We conclude that deep learning-based latency compensation can compensate the latency of commercial video games without accessing the internal state of the game. Ultimately, our work enables cloud-based game streaming providers to offer gamers a better and more responsive gaming experience.